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Fire Sci. Eng. > Volume 31(6); 2017 > Article
Fire Science and Engineering 2017;31(6):16-22.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7731/KIFSE.2017.31.6.016    Published online December 31, 2017.
화재하중에 따른 구획화재 실험 연구
권오상, 김흥열
1한국건설기술연구원 화재안전연구소
2한국건설기술연구원 화재안전연구소
The Study on Compartment Fire Experiment According to Fire Load
Kweon Oh-Sang, Kim Heung-Youl
1Fire Research Institute, KICT
2Fire Research Institute, KICT
요약
국내에서는 복잡해지고 다양해지고 있는 건축물에서의 화재위험에 대응하기 위해 성능기반 화재안전 설계가 논의되고 있지만, 건축물에서의 다양한 인자들에 의한 화재특성의 에측의 어려움으로 인하여 성능기반 화재안전 설계의 도입이 제한되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 뉴질랜드에서 제시하고 있는 화재위험도별 화재하중 값의 실대형 화재실험을 통해 성능기반 설계 도입을 위한 기준 방향 설정 및 기초 자료로 사용하고자 하였다. 실대형 화재실험은 10 MW급의 실대형 칼로리미터에서 $0.8(L){ imes}2.0(H)m$의 단일 개구부를 포함하고 있는 $2.4(L){ imes}3.6(W){ imes}2.4(H)m$ 크기의 시험체 틀의 내부에 목재 크립을 화재하중에 따라 배치시켜, 목재 크립이 전소할 때 까지 진행하였다. 화재실험에서 열방출률의 변화는 목재 크립에 화염이 착화 된 후 외부로 출화되는 약 90초 이후부터 급격히 증가하였으며, 위험도 레벨 1에서는 최대 4743.4 kW의 열발출률이 실험시작 후 244 초에 측정되었고 위험도 레벨 2에서는 5050.9 kW의 최대 열방출률이 497 초에 측정되었다. 또한 위험도 레벨 3에서는 최대 열방출률이 4446.9 kW로 실험시작 677 초에 측정되었다.
Abstract
In Korea, performance-based fire safety designs are being discussed to deal with the various risks of fire in complex and diverse types of structure. However, performance-based fire safety designs are not actively employed because it is difficult to estimate the fire characteristics related to the various factors in buildings. In this study, real scale fire tests were conducted based on fire severity levels and fire loads provided in He New Zealand Building Code, in order to use the results as guidelines and fundamental data for performance-based designs. In the real scale fire tests conducted in a 10MW full-scale calorimeter, wood cribs were placed in a $2.4(L){ imes}3.6(W){ imes}2.4(H)m$ mock-up of a compartment which had one $0.8(L){ imes}2.0(H)$ opening for different fire loads and heating was continued until all of the wood cribs were burned down. The heat release rate started to increase rapidly 90 seconds after the wood cribs caught fire. In the test with a fire load level 1, the maximum heat release rate of 4743.4 kW was reached at 244 second. In the test with fire load level 2, a maximum heat release rate of 5050.9 kW was reached at 497 second. In the test with fire load level 3, a maximum heat release rate of 4446.9 kW was reached at 677 second.
Key Words: Fire Safety, Fire Load, Fire Experiment, Heat Release Rate, Fire Characteristic


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